Rising Teenage Disorders. How Critical Psychological First Aid Is?
Dr. Jitha G
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine
KIMSHEALTH
Adolescence represents a distinctive and transformative phase in an individual's life. It stands as a pivotal period for cultivating social and emotional patterns that significantly influence one's mental well-being. The greater the exposure to risk factors during this time, the more profound are the repercussions on their mental health. Factors such as harsh parenting, various forms of violence (particularly sexual violence and bullying), substance misuse, and socioeconomic challenges are acknowledged as detrimental influences on one's mental health.
Roughly 50 percent of adolescents meet the criteria for a mental health disorder at some point, but these remain largely unrecognised and untreated. Neglecting to address mental health issues during adolescence has far-reaching consequences.
Understanding Psychological First Aid (PFA)
The role of Psychological First Aid (PFA) in addressing these disorders is an important area ofconsideration. PFA is a practical approach, accepted by the World Health Organization used to provide initial support and assistance to individuals who have experienced traumatic events, like natural disasters or accidents, or who are going through a mental crisis. This intervention assumes that not all reactions to trauma are pathological, and most survivors respond to the support extended to facilitate the transition to normalcy.
Though PFA is typically used in the context of acute stress or trauma, its principles can also be applied to childhood disorders to provide support and promote psychological and mental well- being. Adolescents may seem mature but need adult assistance due to ongoing brain development until age 25 when it comes to regulating emotions and managing crises. Children
often react and think differently than adults during a crisis. Therefore, PFA should be grounded in an understanding of how children respond during emergencies. Not all children need
psychological first aid. Some children cope very well with difficulties; however, recovery can be helped when children receive appropriate support at an early stage.
Psychological First Aid techniques can assist children in learning how to manage their emotions and reactions to stress. These skills can be valuable in preventing or managing disorders like anxiety, depression, or conduct disorders. PFA focuses on enhancing coping skills and building resilience, which can contribute to better mental health outcomes for children. Resilience can help children bounce back from challenges and adversities. PFA is mainly guided by five fundamental principles of action that provide a structured approach for helping those in need.
1. Offering assurance of safety
When assisting individuals in mental distress during disaster response, it's essential to communicate in a way that assures them the immediate danger has passed. To achieve this,responders can shield the distressed person from the chaotic scene while emphasising their safety. Demonstrating the measures taken to control the situation can further reinforce their senseof security.
2. Calming down the individual
Maintaining the patient's composure is paramount during crisis intervention. Responders should project calmness through their words and actions to convey that the affected individuals are now in a safe environment. Employing relaxation techniques such as taking deep breaths, holding for four counts, and exhaling slowly can not only assist the responders but can also be shared with the patient to help them regain calm.
3. Fostering confidence in oneself and the group
Encouraging self-efficacy among patients is vital. By involving them actively in their own rescue and reminding them of their strengths, responders can empower individuals to care for themselves and support others in distress. This empowerment not only aids in their immediate well-being but also helps them cope with trauma and regain a sense of control.
4. Encouraging a feeling of being interconnected
Promoting a sense of connection is crucial for patients to tap into the social support network around them. Establishing a partnership with the patient and facilitating contact with their loved ones can create a sense of belonging and support, which can significantly aid their emotional recovery.
5. Instilling optimism and hope
Disaster survivors often grapple with a loss of hope and a feeling of helplessness. It's essential to assure them that, even though the current situation may seem dire, things can improve. Providing accurate and positive information about the situation, along with a message of hope for the future, can be immensely reassuring.
Firsthand assistance: complementary, not a substitute for professional help
It is neither something that only professionals can do, nor is it professional counselling. Anyone working directly with children or anyone who arrives shortly after a crisis event, such as teachers, social workers, etc., can also provide it. It can be integrated into school and community settings, providing educators and community members with tools to support children who are struggling. This collaborative approach can help identify and address issues early. If possible,helpers should find a quiet place where children and parents can feel safe and comfortable to talk. PFA directed towards children and adolescents can be done only after obtaining contact and permission from caregivers.
It's important to note that Psychological First Aid is not a substitute for professional mental health care. While it can play a vital role in promoting resilience and providing immediate assistance and support to children experiencing emotional or psychological distress, children with diagnosed or suspected disorders often require specialised and ongoing mental health care from qualified professionals. PFA should be seen as a complementary approach within a broader framework of mental health support for children.
